North Asian Country A Centralized Country Ruled By...

The Governances’ Transformation Despite the difference in the political system, both countries, initially, was a centralized country ruled by authoritarian government which had full control over the forest resources. Along with the unfair distributed benefit and economic development orientation, the forest resources become heavily abused by the governments and the local forest communities which drastically accelerate the rate of the deforestation (Resosudarmo and Yusuf 2006; Sunderlin and Huynh 2005). Sunderlin and Huynh (2005) claim that Vietnam held the title of the Southeast Asian country with the fastest rate of deforestation within 1976-1990 with average forest cover loss rate at 185,000 hectares per year. The turning point in Vietnam forestry, however, happened in 1992, as the forest coverage at only approximately 20-30 % of total land area, when the government imposed the National Reforestation Program followed by the Log Export Ban (1992) and Forest Land Allocation policy (1994). Thus, this event transform ed the forest resources control to be a more decentralized local empowerment with significant state control (Yasmi et al. 2010). This transformation also experienced by Indonesia as the â€Å"reformation† revolution occurred in 1997, when the East Asian economic crisis wrecked Indonesian economy, which commanded decentralization in Indonesia governance. As the response to this revolution, the Basic Forestry Law (1967) replenished by the Indonesia Forestry Act in 1999Show MoreRelated Comparing the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire Essay2782 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"citizen† as subjects to the Roman emperor. 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